The Roseires Dam, established in 1966 on the Blue Nile River in Ad Damazin town in the upstream part of the Nile system, is one of Sudan’s most important dams, originally designed to hold water for irrigation, supplying irrigation water for the large irrigation schemes of Gezira (0.9 million ha), Rahad (0.12 million ha) and Suki (0.03 million ha) and to many medium-sized and small-scale irrigation schemes, and hydroelectric generation (Hamid et al., 2024; Hassan et al., 2023; International Hydropower Association, 2022). In 1966, the dam’s storage capacity was 3 billion m3 and generating 280 MW of hydropower. In 2012, the dam was heightened by 10 m in 2012 increasing the storage capacity to 7.4 billion m3 and the hydropower to 440 MW (Alajab et al., 2022; International Hydropower Association, 2022). The dam’s expansion is allowing for more water storage and producing a 75-kilometer-long lake, which serves as an important fishing field with a maximum sustainable production of 1,000 tons per year (Hamid et al., 2024).