In 1959 Egypt and Sudan agreed on the use of the Nile River water – an agreement that didn’t involve Ethiopia’s participation (Food and Agriculture Organization, 1959). This treaty have shown a significant role of dam constructions as a motivation for countries to cooperate (Ghoreishi et al., 2023). The agreement divided roughly 80 per cent of the Nile’s flows between the two countries guaranteeing a minimum of 55.5 Billion cubic meters of water for Egypt and 18.5 Billion cubic meters for Sudan(Muyali, 2024). The agreement remains the primary legal framework governing the use of Nile waters for Egypt and Sudan. However, Ethiopia and other upstream countries advocate for a new water-sharing agreement founded on equitable and reasonable use principles.(Whittington, 2024).